Still construction



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' @/hmlM Patented June 25, 1940 PATEN'II OFFICE STILL CONSTRUCTION LouisH. Hosbein, Glencoe, Ill., assignor to M. H. Detrck Company, Chicago,Ill., a corporation of Delaware Application August 13,

3 Claims.

This invention relates generally to the construction of furnaces andpertains particularly to the construction of refractory walls which arelocated within the combustion chamber of the furnace and exposed on bothsides to the furnace heat. More specially it pertains to the constructtion of such internal furnace walls for the convection sections offurnace stills such as are employed for the cracking and distillation ofpetroleum, and it is with reference to such installations that theinvention will be particularly described in this specilcation.

A general object of the invention is the provision of an improvedconstruction for such internal furnace walls which particularlyqualifies them to withstand successfully the temperatures to which theyare subjected, to hold their desired positions or relationship withrespect to associated portions of the installation, such as 2n the stilltubes, to facilitate their installation or erection in association withsuch other portions of the installation, and also to facilitate theirdismantling or removal, either wholly or in part, for purposes ofreplacement or repairs, or for access to the associated portions of theinstallation.

Another object is the provision of construction which will obtain theabove mentioned advantages and at the same time permit the wall to berelatively thin and light.

Other and further objects of the invention will be pointed out orindicated hereinafter or will be apparent to one skilled in the art uponan understanding of the invention or its employment in use.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification Ishow, and hereinafter describe, certain structures representing anembodiment of the invention and various detail parts thereof. It is tobe understood, however, that these are presented merely for purpose ofillustration and are not to be construed in any fashion calculated tolimit the appended claims short of the true and most comprehensive scopeof the invention in the art.

In said drawings,

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevational view taken longitudinally of a tubestill furnace showing an inside elevational view of a portion of one ofthe side Walls and showing the convection section in vertical section;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of a portion of one of the convectionsection walls, looking at the outer or furnace side thereof;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view illustrating 1936, Serial No. 95,863

(Cl. lill-1) in vertical section a portion of one of the convectionsection walls;

Fig. 4 is a top view of one of the standards used in the convectionsection wall;V

Fig. 5 is a top or plan view of one of the standard extension members;

Figs. 6 and 'l are perspective views showing opposite sides of a form ofrefractory tile which may be employed in the construction; and

Fig. 8 is a detail in the nature of a partial cross section on line B-Bof Fig. 2.

The nature of the invention may be most quickly ascertained from thefollowing detailed description cf the structures shown in the drawings.

The reference numeral Ill designates one of the refractory side walls ofthe still furnace chamber, it being understood that there is a similarwall opposite it to form the other side of the furnace chamber. Thereference numeral il designates the refractory roof of the furnacechamber, and l2 designates the foundation on which the furnace chamberproper-is supported. This foundation is interrupted to afford passage Mwhich extends across the furnace chamber and opens thereinto, saidpassage forming a part of a conduit which leads to the stack throughwhich the spent furnace gases are discharged.

Extending across the furnace chamber, and exposed therein, are banks ofstill tubes l5, 'and the walls are provided with burner openings I6,disposed at suitable points, through which openings the fuel, in theform of gas or atomized oil, and combustion air are blown to fire thefurnace, the fuel being burned in suspension in the air. The tubes andthe banks I5 are thus exposed directly to the radiant heat of theburning fuel.

To utilize heat remaining in the burnt gases, the still is provided withone or more convection sections, which include banks of tubes I arrangedin a group and extending transversely across the furnace chamber, saidtubes being disposed over the flue or outlet passage I4 to the stack.The convection section walls extend alongside these tubes transverselyof the furnace chamber and their function is to dene a passage forguiding the hot gases past and into contact with the convection lsectiontubes as the gases are proceeding to the flue.

To form the convection section walls I provide a plurality of standardsI8, which are made of a material capable of withstanding fairly hightemperatures and possessing the requisite strength,

such as cast iron. 'Ihese standards are in the nature of pedestalshaving a base or foot portion I9 (see Fig. 4) which rests upon thefoundation I2 and is anchored thereto by means of anchor bolts 20, andan upright plate-like body portion 2|, which is pierced by 4good sizedapertures 22 to accommodate flow of air, and strengthened bylongitudinal ribs 24. At its margins the body portion is provided withlaterally directed tile-retaining flanges 25 interrupted by spaces 26.

A plurality of the standards I8 is arranged in a row along each sideofthe passage I4 between the spaced tube sheets 21. These tube sheetsextend across the passage I4 and are supported on the foundation I2 bysuitable pedestals 28 and are apertured to. accommodate the convectionsection tubes I1, the tube sheets thus forming spaced supports for saidtubes. 'I'he standards I8 `between the tube sheets are connected to oneanother by transverse spacer bars` 29 which are bolted to the standards.

At the top, the standards I8 are notched at one side and provided withlateral flanges 38 to form a rest, and 3| to form seating guides forextension members 32. 'Ihese extension members are formed of metal whichis adapted to withstand high temperatures, such as an alloy of iron andchromium. 'I'hey are formed with a plate-like body portion, the lowerend of which is shaped to t the notch portion of the standard I8 andrest upon the seat flanges 3U and provided with.

laterally extending flanges 34 which are bolted to the anges 3| of thestandard. The extension members are also provided with laterallyprojecting anges 35 along their outer margin, which flanges are adaptedto align vertically with the flanges 25 of the standard, and at theiropposite margins with laterally projecting anges 36, 31 and 38 disposedat different distances from the iianges 35.

For the most part the convection section walls are built up ofrefractory tiles 43. In Figs. 6 and 7 is illustrated a form of tilewhich is well adapted for the purpose. This tile has its bed Lfacesprovidedwith rows of projections 40 in staggered relationship arrangedalternately with seats 4I, and has its lateral faces provided withprojections 42 and seats 44 arranged alternately. Adjacent one end it isalso provided with lateral grooves 45 and 46 to form shoulders 41 and48, said grooves and shoulders being asymmetrical relative to the medianline of the bed face, in that the groove 46 and shoulder 48 are fartherinset, or closer to such median line, than :are the groove 45 and'shoulder 41. The grooves'45 and 46 are adapted to accommodate themarginal flanges of the standards I8 and extension members 32, so thatthe shoulders 41 and 48 may have anchoring engagement with said flanges.

The convection section walls are constructed for the most part with tworefractory facings,

vthe outer facings being toward the furnace chamber and the innerfacings being toward the convection tubes. 'I'hese facings may be builtup, starting from the foundation I2, with tiles such as illustrated inFgs..6 and 7, or the lower portion of the' facings may be formed ofordinary rebrick as illustrated at M in Fig. 1. The standards I8 arespaced from one another a suitable distance to accommodate a certainnumber, or group, of tiles in a course between them. The lowermostcourse is laid with the shoulders of the tiles in correspondingpositions, for example, with the shoulders" of all of the tiles towardthe right side. Consequently, the lateral projections 42 and seats 44 ofjuxtaposed tiles ln such course will intermesh, and the left handtile'ot each group will have its shoulder 48 in anchoringengagementilwith a flange 25 of one of the standards and the, right handtile of the group will have its shoulder 41 in anchoring engagement withthe ange 35 of the next standard to the right. The next higher course isthen laid with the tiles in reversed position, i. e., with the shoulders41 of the tiles toward the left. Because of the asymmetric location ofthe grooves 45 and 46. the body portions of the tiles of the secondcourse will be offset laterally with respect to the body portions ofthose in the first course, and because of the staggered relationship ofthe seats 48 and projections 4I on the bed faces of the tiles, those inthe second course 'will intermesh with those .in the subjacent course.The lateral projections 42 and seats 44 of the juxtaposed tiles in thesecond course will likewise intermesh, and the lateral tiles of thegroup will have anchoring engagement with anges 25 of the standards.Thus the outer facings are built up. course by course, the tiles inrespective courses intermeshing laterally with one another andintermeshing also with those in subjacent and superjacent courses. Dueto the interruption of the anges 25 by the spaces 26, theA tiles in someof the courses will not have anchoring engagement with the standards,but they will be retained in position by virtue of Vtheir intermeshingengagement with tiles which are so anchored.

The inner facing of the convection section wall, which is toward theconvection tubes, is likewise constructed, courses of longer tiles, suchas indicated at L in Fig. 3, being laid at appropriate verticalintervals for4 purposes hereinafter referred to.

At the top of the standards I8 some of the courses are offset or steppedrearwardly from .the vertical surface plane of the facing, asillustrated at K in Fig. 3, tiles in such courses being anchored on theflanges 25 and 31 of the standards and extension members,- and abovethese courses the facing is built on upwardly for a portion of theheight of the extension members, in the manner above described, some ofthe tiles having anchoring engagement with the flanges 36 of theextension members. .Thus thethickness of the wall, from side to side ofthe opposite facings, is reduced above the standards I8 until, in itsupper portion, its thickness comprises simply the outer facing alone; Atthe upper terminus of the inner facing, the space between the inner andouter facings is closed by the topmost course of tiles. Accordingly, theinner surface prole of the upper portion is of a generally sloping form,so that the space between the opposite Walls decreases in width from thetop toward thel bottom. It thus corresponds generally to the arrangementof the convection section tubes, in which arrangement more tubes aredisposed in the upper banks than in the lower banks. The profiles of theinner facings are irregular in that the courses of the long tiles L formjutting ledges at vertically spaced intervals. 'I'hese ledges areprovided to form baiiies to divert the downward] flowing hot gasestoward the tubes.

'I'he spaces between the tube sheets 21 and the adjacent tiles areclosely packed with a somewhat compressible refractory sealing material,such as asbestos, as illustrated, for example, in Fig. 8 (Sheet 2).

In the operation of the still, the liquid to be heated is circulatedthrough the pipes I5 and I1, and the furnace is heated by the burningfuel blown in through the burners. 'I'he tubes I5 are subjected to theradiant heat of the burning fuel, it being understood that the area ofthe furnace chamber outside of the convection section is very muchgreater than the area of the latter. Under the stack draft, the burnedgases flow to the convection section or sections (as there may be aplurality of convection sections in the furnace), and into theconvection section over the tops of the convection section walls. Thegases then pass downwardly among the convection section tubes I1, theirheat being imparted to the tubes and the contained liquid. Upon reachingthe Aflue passage I4 the gases are conducted through the same to thestack.

It will be appreciated that in such operation of the furnace the outerfacings of the convection section walls are subjected to the mostintense heat of the furnace, whereas the inner portions of theconvection section walls are not subjected to such high temperatures,inasmuch as theyare in close proximity to the convection section tubesI1, which exercise a cooling influence. Accordingly, there will normallybe a very considerable difference in temperature between the tiles whichform the outer facing and those which form the inner facing. By virtueof the present construction, differences in expansion which may resultfrom these differences in temperature are fully accommodated, eachfacing being permitted to expand independently of the other.

Hence any distorting or disrupting eiiect from the differences inexpansion is definitely avoided. At the same time, the tiles whichconstitutel the respective facings are maintained definitely in place,due to their anchorage on the standards and extension members and theirintermeshing engagement with one another. Because of such' intermeshingengagement and the staggered or broken joint arrangement of the courses,the` standards I8 may be spaced at liberal distances from one another.The construction also provides a very tight wall which will preventleakage of hot gases therethrough. Moreover, it provides for theeiective cooling of the standards vI8 by air which may be forced ordrawn from outside the furnace into the space between the facings andcirculated through the openings 22. Outlets for such air to the fiue maybe provided at suitable points by provision of passages arranged atsuitable intervals and leading from the space between the facings to thespace between the lower portions of the convection section walls.

What I claim is:

1. In a furnace having a combustion chamber.

a wall located in said chamber and comprising standards arranged in arow and having tile-engaging members at opposite sides, and refractorytiles arranged in'courses disposed one upon another at opposite sides ofsaid standards to form tight facings along respective sidesof the row ofstandards, juxtaposed tiles in respective courses having intermeshingengagement with one another, the standards being spaced from one anotherby a distance greater than the width of the respective tiles and some ofthe tiles on the respective sides of the standards having anchoringengagement with said tile-engaging members to hold the facings againstdisplacement horizontally.

2. In a furnace having a combustion chamber, a wall located in saidchamber and comprising standards arranged in a row and anchored at theirbottoms to hold them in upright position and having tile-engagingmembers at opposite sides, and refractory tiles arranged in coursesdisposed in broken-joint relationship one upon another at opposite sidesof said standards to form tight facings along respective sides of therow of standards, juxtaposed tiles in respective courses havingintermeshing engagement with one another and tiles in juxtaposed courseshaving intermeshing engagement with one another across their entirewidth and some of the tiles on the respective sides of the standardshaving anchoring engagement with said tile-engaging members to hold thefacings against displacement horizontally.

3. In a furnace having a combustion chamber, a wall located in saidchamber and comprising a row of metallic standards having tile-engagingmembers at opposite sides, extension members of heat resistantmetalmounted on said standards and extending upwardly therefrom butterminating at a distance below the roof of the chamber, said extensionmembers having tile-engaging members at opposite sides. thetile-engaging members on one side of said extension members being inapproximately vertical alignment with tile-engaging members on thecorresponde ing side of the conjoined standards, tile-engaging memberson the other side of said extension members being-in-set from the planeof those on the corresponding side of the standards, and refractorytiles arranged in courses disposed one upon another at opposite sides ofsaid standards andn extension members to form tight facings alongsidethe same, some of the tiles in the respective facings having anchoringengagement with tile-engaging members on the respective sides of thestandards and extension members.

H. HOBBEIN.

